Abstract:
Ecuador has three distinct natural regions (Coastal, Andean and Amazonian), along with the Galapagos Islands, represents a wide diversity of ecosystems. Due in part to the land-use patterns of the oil sector, which accounts for more than half of Ecuador’s export earnings, Ecuador is not self-sufficient in food and the population’s access to food is limited. Iron deficiency is the most widespread problem and there are also moderate levels of vitamin A and zinc deficiency. Through salt fortification programs, iodine deficiency has been eradicated. At the same time, problems of obesity have been detected, even among children. Food safety has improved throughout the country over the past decade. Ecuador is relatively vulnerable to natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, earthquakes and climate change. Simple, effective, low cost technologies could significantly increase yield of certain agricultural products. Although water availability and quality are sufficient for agroindustrial processes, changes in management practices are required to preserve it. Ecuador has the opportunity to expand its markets to European and Asian countries, with the greatest challenge being to increase production, with competitive and differentiated product costs. The permanent provision of resources and support for both basic and applied research is necessary.