Abstract:
With ever-increasing demands for energy, oil and gascompanies are continually searching for new resources. Asa result, companies are looking in ever more remoteterrestrial and challenging marine areas. These also tendto be areas with higher biodiversity and ecosystem service(BES) resources (IPIECA-OGP-API 2010; IPIECA-OGP2011; Palliggiano et al. 2013). Accordingly, oil and gascompanies recognise the importance of understandingpotential impacts and managing their BES interactions.To do this requires applied research; this is a basic part ofthe business case.
